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Horti-sempre: Increasing the income of smallholders through horticulture in the Nacala Corridor

Resumen

Información general

Autor

Michael Fink

Última actualización

Junio 2019

Objetivo general

Horti-sempre, Phase 2 overall objective is to increase the annual net income of 25,000 smallholders by 30% against baseline by supporting the growth of the horticultural sector in Northern Mozambique in view of its proven importance as income creator.

País

  • Mozambique

Presupuesto

6,500,000 CHF

Duración

01/2017 - 12/2020

Resumen

Descripción

The overall objective of the Horti-Sempre Phase 2 Project is to increase smallholder’s annual net income by 30% against baseline by supporting the growth of the horticultural sector in Northern Mozambique in view of its proven importance as income creator. To fulfil its mission and reach the overall objective, Swisscontact proposes for Horti-sempre Phase 2 a logic of intervention based on three main Outcomes that unfold around three main project components namely (1) inputs and practices, (2) irrigation and (3) sector competitiveness. OUTCOME No 1: Productivity of horticultural smallholders in the Nacala Corridor in Northern Mozambique increased. OUTCOME No 2: Horticultural smallholders in the Nacala Corridor in Northern Mozambique increased their area under irrigation. OUTCOME No 3: Market responsiveness and competitiveness of the horti-cultural sector in Northern Mozambique is increased. The three components will be complemented with two transversal topics: Women’s Economic Empowerment (WEE) throughout the different interventions and through special women targeted interventions and access to existing funding options. Based on experience from Phase 1, Swisscontact estimates that Horti-Sempre Phase 2 has the potential to reach 10'000 semi-commercial and 15'000 subsistence male and female smallholders in Northern Mozambique increasing their income by up to 30%.

Sectores de Intervención

  • Agricultura
  • Seguridad alimentaria
  • Desarrollo rural
  • Gestión del agua

Documentos

Imágenes

  • Training on affordable irrigation solution (hip-pump)Training on affordable irrigation solution (hip-pump)
  • Affordable irrigation solution (hip-pump)Affordable irrigation solution (hip-pump)
  • Construction of underground damConstruction of underground dam
  • Underground dam (capacity to capture 10,000m3 water)Underground dam (capacity to capture 10,000m3 water)
  • Improved lettuce variety Veneranda from Brazil under protected cultivation (mini-tunnel) with drip-irrigation systemImproved lettuce variety Veneranda from Brazil under protected cultivation (mini-tunnel) with drip-irrigation system
  • Improved onion vareity IPA 11 from Brazil adapted to tropical climate wtih longer shelf-lifeImproved onion vareity IPA 11 from Brazil adapted to tropical climate wtih longer shelf-life
  • Training on good agricultural practices (tomato staking)Training on good agricultural practices (tomato staking)

Logos

Perspectiva del riesgo

Amenazas que se producen debido a la degradación del medioambiente

Nombre de la amenaza

Degradación (tierra, suelo, ecosistemas, biodiversidad)

Consecuencia

Key consequences are lower yields due to degraded soil and higher need of farmers to use inputs (fertilizers); land conflicts possible

Grado

Perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Natural vulnerabilities due to overexploitation, soil compactation and erosion

Probabilidad

Probable

Importancia

Riesgo medio

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs): e.g. no tillage, soil coverage, inter-cropping
Puntuación (opcional) 9.00
Comentarios Affordable and easy to apply but depends on farmers' willingness to adopt.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Bio-fertilization with adoption of crops fixing nitrogen in the soil (e.g. beans)
Puntuación (opcional) 7.00
Comentarios Low investment, but change in farmers' traditional production pattern needed.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Improving irrigation with calenders to avoid over-irrigation of soils (salinization)
Puntuación (opcional) 8.00
Comentarios Highly depending on farmers' willingness to change habits (training needed).

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Mediation in land conflicts; supporting farmers in acquiring formal land rights
Puntuación (opcional) 5.00
Comentarios High policy investment needed, not part of project strategy.
Posible medida Soil reclamation technologies (de-salinization, etc.)
Puntuación (opcional) 5.00
Comentarios Very expensive based on sophisticated technologies beyond project possibilities.

Nombre de la amenaza

Plagas y epidemias

Consecuencia

Key consequences are crop losses (sometimes failure) and that farmers avoid production in warmer and wetter months of the year

Grado

Perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Combined physical and financial vulnerability due to lack of availability and access to equipment and production tools; human vulnerability due to limited know-how on how to deal with pest and epidemics

Probabilidad

Probable

Importancia

Riesgo medio

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Crop rotation (i.e. different horticulture crops annually or by cycle)
Puntuación (opcional) 8.00
Comentarios Pests accumulate over cycles and farmers need to change to crop families not prone to the same pests to break the cycle of pests. Change in traditional production pattern needed, but with little investment required.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Developing manual on proper use of defensives
Puntuación (opcional) 7.00
Comentarios Distribution of manual to farmers is key to promote correct use of defensives.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Development of knowledge on bio-defensives
Puntuación (opcional) 8.00
Comentarios Aiming at recovering knowledge on traditional bio-defensives abandoned over the last generations (e.g. moringa, tobacco leaves, etc.).

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) to reduce risks of diseases (spacing, tomato staking, etc.)
Puntuación (opcional) 6.00
Comentarios Affordable and easy to apply but depends on farmers' willingness to adopt.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Directly supporting input suppliers in increasing range and sales of chemical defensives
Puntuación (opcional) 5.00
Comentarios Demand by farmers has no critical mass to justify increased supply and diversification on wholesale and retail level. Furthermore, the project does not actively address potential negative impacts of increased pesticide use.
Posible medida Introducing bio-predators to eliminate bugs, etc. (e.g. wasp)
Puntuación (opcional) 5.00
Comentarios Requires high technology and research investments, not common in Mozambique - potentially low adoption.

Amenazas naturales (hidrometeorológicas y geológicas)

Nombre de la amenaza

Olas de calor

Consecuencia

Key consequences include a shortening of the growing season, crop failure (no yield) or crop losses (lower yields) due to burning of plants

Grado

Perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Hardware bottlenecks: Physical vulnerabilities due to lack of agricultural equipment (irrigation schemes, protected cultivation, e.g. greenhouses) linked to financial vulnerability as no capacity to invest in adequate equipment; Software bottlenecks: human vulnerability due to lack of knowledge on available, affordable solutions such as heat tolerant seeds.

Probabilidad

Muy probable

Importancia

Riesgo alto

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Introduction of heat resistant and short-cycle Open Pollinated Varieties (OPV)
Puntuación (opcional) 10.00
Comentarios Low investment needed (only 3% of estimated total cost of production) and costs not higher than of seeds currently in use

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Basic Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices such as soil coverage to reduce evaporation
Puntuación (opcional) 10.00
Comentarios Easy to adopt, as no investment needed, only increase in labour; depending on farmers willingness to adopt

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Affordable water transportation/ distribution (e.g. manual pumps) and harvesting solutions (e.g. underground dams)
Puntuación (opcional) 6.00
Comentarios Medium to high investment required; amortisation required for investment replacement (E.g. of pumps) - economically viable but maybe not financially.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Packaging and storage solutions to reduce post-harvest loss
Puntuación (opcional) 5.00
Comentarios Needs engagement of several players (famers, retailers, traders, etc.). Added value justifies investment, but behaviour change needed at all levels.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Protected cultivation (mini-tunnels, greenhouses with sombrite)
Puntuación (opcional) 7.00
Comentarios High investment, although ROI will justify. Need for access to investment capital. Importance of building storm-proof infrastructure (e.g. concrete footings for greenhouses).

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Introducing heat tolerant hybrid seeds
Puntuación (opcional) 5.00
Comentarios Seeds are expensive and only responsive/perform well under best practices and high-input agriculture.
Posible medida Sophisticated irrigation systems (e.g. sprinkler systems, drip irrigation, etc.)
Puntuación (opcional) 5.00
Comentarios Are expensive and only solve water distribution problems, but not water availability.

Nombre de la amenaza

Crecidas repentinas, inundaciones

Consecuencia

Destruction of basic infrastructure and crops in early stage of growth, destruction of trade infrastructure (e.g. bridges and roads)

Grado

Sumamente perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Physical vulnerability due to poor protective infrastructure (e.g. dams); financial vulnerability due to limited cash for re-purchasing seeds, equipment and additional labour for re-sowing and land preparation

Probabilidad

Probable

Importancia

Riesgo alto

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Construction of flood-proof underground dams
Puntuación (opcional) 9.00
Comentarios Relatively low investment based on community labour; little maintenance needed; long-lasting infrastructure not affected by floods compared to traditional dams.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Short-cycle open pollinated varieties (OPV; e.g. 60 dias cabbage)
Puntuación (opcional) 10.00
Comentarios Give farmers the flexibility to recover their production cycle quickly after the loss of a cycle.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Storage infrastructure
Puntuación (opcional) 7.00
Comentarios Minimize risks, but do not completely eliminate the risk of flooding that can take away the building. Not always viable depending on location and costs.
Posible medida Recommending relocation to less risky areas
Puntuación (opcional) 5.00
Comentarios Depends on topography, normally farms only spread across low areas close to rivers due to lack of water transportation systems. Relocation implies costs and reduced access to water.
Posible medida Early warning system
Puntuación (opcional) 7.00
Comentarios Depends on public institutions and investments beyond project scope.
Posible medida Financial safety nets to recover lost investments after floods (e.g. seeds, infrastructure, etc.)
Puntuación (opcional) 8.00
Comentarios Savings and lending groups are already widespread as coping and risk transfer mechanisms in Northern Mozambique (called Xitique). Other funding mechanisms (e.g. loans from micro-finance institutions) focus on economic activities with a fast turnover such as small trading, and not on agricultural production.

Amenazas que se producen debido al cambio climático (y la variabilidad del clima)

Nombre de la amenaza

Cambios en las estaciones

Consecuencia

It is difficult for farmers to predict the start of the rainy season. Due to a delayed start of the rainy season, the growing cycle is postponed into the hot season when it is difficult to produce horticulture. Higher risk of pests due to humidity.

Grado

Perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Combined physical and financial vulnerability due to lack of availability and access to equipment and production tools; human vulnerability due to limited know-how on coping strategies to deal with erratic rainfall patterns

Probabilidad

Muy probable

Importancia

Riesgo alto

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida More rustic, short cycle and tropicalized varieties to produce in hot season
Puntuación (opcional) 10.00
Comentarios Low investment needed (only 3% of estimated total cost of production) and costs not higher than of seeds currently in use.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Affordable irrigation solutions (manual pumps, santeno, underground dams, etc.)
Puntuación (opcional) 6.00
Comentarios Medium to high investment required; amortisation required for investment replacement (E.g. of pumps) - economically viable but maybe not financially.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Diversification with shorter-cycle crops or varieties (e.g. cabbage, lettuce, etc.)
Puntuación (opcional) 8.00
Comentarios High impact with switching to other crops but need to convince farmers about new pattern of production (behaviour change).

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Protected cultivation (tunnels and mini-tunnels)
Puntuación (opcional) 7.00
Comentarios High investment, although ROI will justify. Need for access to investment capital.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Hydroponic production
Puntuación (opcional) 7.00
Comentarios Medium/high investment and need of intensive training on hydroponic production (limited outreach).

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Good agricultural practices (GAPs): e.g. high beds, mulching, spacing, tomato staking, disease control
Puntuación (opcional) 8.00
Comentarios Affordable and easy to apply but depends on farmers willingness to adopt.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Production calendars for scaling of production
Puntuación (opcional) 8.00
Comentarios Effective, but depends on farmers behaviour change.

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Large-scale irrigation schemes / infrastructure that provides holistic irrigation solutions (water harvesting, capture, transportation and distribution)
Puntuación (opcional) 6.00
Comentarios Expensive investment out of scope of the project.

Adapte su proyecto

Perspectiva del impacto

Impacto negativo en el medioambiente

Componente del proyecto

Underground dams

Posible impacto negativo

Small-scale rainwater retention to increase soil humidity might potentially change the ecosystem; limited additional pollution due to the plastic used to build the dam

Importancia Low. Underground dams are small-scale infrastructure with catchment areas of only approximately 0.8ha and neglectable amount of plastic used in construction.

Componente del proyecto

Inputs (fertilizer & pesticides)

Posible impacto negativo

Use of fertilizer and pesticides by horticulture smallholders is common, and sometimes not correctly applied with negative impact on the soil (over-fertilizing)

Importancia Medium. Amount of fertilizers and pesticides used is very limited due to low capacity of investment, thus limited impact on soil.

Impacto seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Dissemination of information on correct use of fertilizers and pesticides (amount and frequency)
Puntuación (opcional) 8.00
Comentarios The project follows a market-approach that does not control and/or increase directly the quantity of fertilizers and pesticides used by smallholders. However, information on correct use of fertilizer and pesticides is disseminated during crop days to protect soil and eventually smallholders' production.

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Componente del proyecto

Introduction of tropicalized varieties from Brazil

Posible impacto negativo

Introducing new horticultural crop varieties has the potential to seriously affect the biological balance in the country by introducing exotic diseases and harming local biodiversity.

Importancia High. Through accidentally importing vegetables and/or seeds that carry exotic pests or diseases, the agro-biodiversity can be seriously affected with strong impacts on the agricultural and forestry sector.

Impacto seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Phytosanitary testing and certification of all new varieties before import with public agricultural research institute (IIAM)
Puntuación (opcional) 8.00
Comentarios To avoid any potential impact on the environment by importing exotic pests and diseases, each new variety undergoes a rigorous phytosanitary testing process at IIAM research station before an import permit is issued.

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Impacto negativo en el cambio climático

Componente del proyecto

Increasing volumes and de-seasonalization of horticulture production

Posible impacto negativo

Possibly increasing emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) due to increased local horticultural production and related transport volumes.

Importancia Low. Current international and interregional imports might decrease due to a higher availability of locally produced vegetables, which offsets the increased local traffic in the Nacala Corridor.